一、货运代理人的概述及其发展

1、早期货运代理人履行的职责

　　英文原文：Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, and so on

　　( 这句话是比较长，一句一段，核心句子：.....a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks....)

　　注释：freight forwarder 货运代理人commission agent 委托代理人perform: 履行，执行，完成on behalf of 代表.... routine tasks 日常工作(routine: 日常的，常规的)loading/unloading of goods 装载/卸载货物storage of goods 货物存放，货物存储转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　中文意思：起初，货运代理是作为委托代理人，替进出口商履行一些常规业务，比如装载/卸载货物，货物的存储，安排地方运输，替客户收款等。

2、货运代理人的发展

　英文原文：However, the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.
　(核心句子：....A and B enlarged the scope of his services.

　　A 是指 ：expansion of international trade 国际贸易的扩大

　　B 是指 ：development of different modes of transport 不同运输方式的发展)

　　注释：expansion: 扩大，扩展 development: 发展，改善 modes of transport: 运输方式over the years that followed 在随后的几年里 enlarge: 扩大，增大，扩展

　　中文意思：但是，在随后的几年里，由于国际贸易的扩大和不同运输方式的发展也随之加大了货运代理的服务范围。

　　英文原文：Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport.

　　注释：Play an important role : 扮演重要的角色(引申为：起着重要的作用)International trade and transport 国际贸易和运输

　　中文意思：现今，货运代理人在国际贸易和运输中起着重要的作用。

　　英文原文：The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process.

　　(核心句子：The services.... may often range from ....to....)

　　注释：render: 在这里的意思是“提供”(= offer, provide) range : 在... 范围内变化(后面常跟 from ...to...) booking of space 订舱a comprehensive package of services: 全面的一揽子服务cover : 包括，涉及( = include) transportation and distribution: 运输和分发

　　中文意思：货运代理提供的服务通常可能从日常基础的工作比如舱位的预定，清关等，到全面的一揽子服务其服务范围涵盖了整个货物的运输和分发派送过程转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　英文原文：Unless the consignor, the person sending goods, or the consignee, the person receiving the goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.

　　(核心句子：Unless the consignor or consignee wants to attend to...himself, it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...)

　　注释：consignor: 发货人consignee: 收货人attend to: 关注 (= pay attention to) procedural and documentary formalities: 程序和单证上的手续(procedural: 程序上的;documentary: 文件的，单证的;formality: 例行手续, 正式手续)undertake to do sth. 承担去做某事，承诺做某事

　　process: 在这里作为动词，处理，处置 involve: 包含，含有，涉及movement: 移动，动向 ( 在这里引申为“运输”)

　　中文意思：如果发货人(发送货物的人)或者收货人(接受货物的人)不想亲自去办理那些程序和单证方面的手续，那么货运代理人将代表他们去处理各阶段货物的运输。

　　英文原文：The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors or other agencies employed by him.

　　(核心句子：The freight forwarder provide these services...)

　　注释：sub-contractor: 次级承包商，分包商 agency: 代理商，代理 employ: 雇佣

　　中文意思：货运代理人可以直接或者间接通过分包商或另外雇用代理来提供这些服务。

二、货运代理人分别代表收发货人或进出口商时各自应履行的义务
1、代表发货人(出口商)

　　1)Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 选择运输线路，运输方式和合适的承运人。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　注释：route: 路线，航线 suitable: 适当的，适合的 carrier: 承运人

　　2)Book space with the selected carrier. 向选定承运人订舱。

　　注释：book space: 订舱 selected: 选定的

　　3)Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc. 接收货物，并签发货运代理人收货证明书和货运代理人运输证明书。

　　注释：take delivery of the goods: 接收货物Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 货运代理人收货证明书(是代理人收到货物的凭证);Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 货运代理人运输证明书(是证明代理人具备运输能力的凭证); issue: 发行，发布(在这里译为“签发”)

　　4)Study the provisions of the L/C and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents. 研究货物在出口国家和进口国家，以及中转国家运输所适用的信用证条款和所有政府规定，并准备所有必须的单证。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　注释：provision: 条款，规定 L/C (letter of credit) : 信用证 regulation: 规定，条例 applicable to ...: 适用于...; shipment of goods: 货物装运，货物运输 as well as: 也，又，以及;transit country: 中转国;过境国

　　5)Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination. 货物包装，( 在货物包装时) 要考虑运输路线，运输的方式，货物的特性，有必要的话还要考虑出口国，中转国和目的地国家适用的规定。

　　注释：pack the goods 货物包装/打包; take into account: 考虑; the nature of the goods: 货物的特性; if any: 如果有的话;若有的话 destination: 目的地

　　6)Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary. 如果有必要的话，要安排货物的仓储

　　注释：arrange: 安排，准备 warehousing of the goods: 货物的仓储;if necessary: 如果有必要的话

　　7)Weigh and measure the goods. 测量货物的重量和尺寸。

　　注释：weigh: 称，称…的重量 measure: 量，测量(尺寸)

　　8)Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor. 提醒发货人注意货物的投保，如果发货人需要投保，则需办理货物的保险。

　　注释：draw one’s attention to...: 引起某人注意... ( 相当于“提醒某人注意...”); insurance: 保险

　　9)Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier. 将货物运往港口，安排货物的清关，办理相关的单证手续并将货物交付给承运人。

　　注释：customs clearance: 海关清关;related: 相关的documentation: 文件，单证deliver the goods: 交付货物

　　10)Attend to foreign exchange transactions, if any. 关注外汇交易

　　注释：foreign exchange transaction: 外汇交易

　　11)Pay fees and other charges including freight. 支付手续费和其他包括运费在内的费用

　　注释：fee : (偏向于手续费方面的)费用; charge: (偏向于因服务而索取的)费用; freight: 运费。

　　12)Obtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor. 从承运人那里获得签发的提单并将提单转让给发货人

　　注释：bill of lading:提单

　　13)Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary. 如果有必要的话，安排货物在途中的转运。

　　注释：transshipment: 转运;　en route: = on the way 途中的

　　14)Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad. 通过联系承运人和海外的货运代理，监控货物的运输过程直至货物交付给收货人。

　　注释：monitor: 监督，监视 all the way: 由始至终

　　15)Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods. 记录货损货失

　　注释：note: 记录，注解 damage: 损坏，毁坏 loss: 损失，亏损

　　16)Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them. 如果货物有损失，需协助发货人向承运人就货物的损失提出赔偿。

　　注释：assist sb. in doing sth.: 帮助某人做某事;pursue/make claim against sb. for sth.: 就...向某人提出赔偿

2、代表收货人(进口商)
1)Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo. 如由收货人控制货物，货运代理人应替收货人监控货物的运输。

　　2)Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods. 接受并审查所有与货物运输有关的单证。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　注释：relating to: 与...有关

　　3)Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight costs. 从承运人手中接收货物，如需还要支付的运费。

　　注释：take delivery of 接收，收到(与delivery词义相反); freight cost: 运费

　　4)Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities. 安排货物的清关，并向海关和政府当局支付关税，手续费及其他费用。

　　注释：duty: 税，税收;　public authority: 政府当局

　　5)Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary. 如需，安排中转仓库。

　　6)Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee. 将清关后的货物交付给收货人。

　　注释：cleared goods: 清关后的货物　(根据前文 arrange customs clearance, 所以这里的意思是办理完清关手续的货物，而不是干净的货物)

　　7)Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.　如果有必要的话，协助收货人向承运人就货物的丢失或者任何损害提出赔偿。

　　8)Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution. 如果需要，协助收货人安排货物的仓储及派送。

　　注释：distribution: 分发，派送

　2、代表收货人(进口商)
1)Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo. 如由收货人控制货物，货运代理人应替收货人监控货物的运输。

　　2)Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods. 接受并审查所有与货物运输有关的单证。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　注释：relating to: 与...有关

　　3)Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight costs. 从承运人手中接收货物，如需还要支付的运费。

　　注释：take delivery of 接收，收到(与delivery词义相反); freight cost: 运费

　　4)Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities. 安排货物的清关，并向海关和政府当局支付关税，手续费及其他费用。

　　注释：duty: 税，税收;　public authority: 政府当局

　　5)Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary. 如需，安排中转仓库。

　　6)Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee. 将清关后的货物交付给收货人。

　　注释：cleared goods: 清关后的货物　(根据前文 arrange customs clearance, 所以这里的意思是办理完清关手续的货物，而不是干净的货物)

　　7)Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.　如果有必要的话，协助收货人向承运人就货物的丢失或者任何损害提出赔偿。

　　8)Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution. 如果需要，协助收货人安排货物的仓储及派送。

　　注释：distribution: 分发，派送

　　历年考题

　　1)Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the consignee . (多选题)

　　A. Taking delivery of the goods from the carrier

　　B. Packing the goods for export

　　C. Arranging export customs clearance

　　D. Arranging import customs clearance

　　答案：A.D.

　　分析：B和C都是属于货运代理人代表出口商的职责。

　　三、常用短语、名词

　　Freight forwarder 货运代理人

　　Commission agent: 委托代理人

　　Modes of transport: 运输方式

　　A comprehensive package of services: 全面的一揽子服务

　　Consignor: 发货人

　　Consignee: 收货人

　　Carrier: 承运人

　　Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt: 代理人收货证明书

　　Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport: 代理人运输证书

　　L/C (letter of credit): 信用证

　　Foreign exchange transaction: 外汇交易

　　Freight: 运费

　　Bills of lading: 提单